Understanding the Bully in Hockey: What You Need to Know

Ice hockey is a sport loved by many, but it has also been known to be a breeding ground for bullying. Whether it’s physical, verbal or emotional, bullying in hockey can have devastating consequences on players both on and off the ice. In this article, we will explore the history of hockey bullying, its different types, how to recognize it, and most importantly, what coaches and parents can do to prevent it.

As hockey is a physical game, it’s not uncommon for players to get into scuffles on the ice. However, when these altercations escalate into bullying, it can have serious ramifications for the victim. From the infamous Mike Milbury incident to the recent allegations of abuse against coaches, the world of hockey has a long history of bullying. But what exactly is bullying in the context of hockey?

Through this article, we will examine the various forms of bullying that can take place on the ice and how to recognize the signs. We will also delve into the detrimental effects that bullying can have on players’ mental health, performance, and enjoyment of the game. If you want to learn more about how to identify and combat bullying in hockey, keep reading.

Are you a parent or coach looking to make a positive impact on the lives of your young hockey players? Or are you a hockey player who has experienced or witnessed bullying firsthand? Either way, this article is for you. Let’s dive in and explore the important topic of bullying in hockey together.

The History of Hockey Bullying

Bullying is unfortunately not a new phenomenon in hockey. In fact, it has been a problem for decades. The roots of hockey bullying can be traced back to the early days of the sport. While hockey has always been a rough and tumble game, the culture of bullying that exists today is a more recent development.

One of the earliest examples of hockey bullying occurred in the 1950s when hazing rituals were commonplace on many teams. These rituals often involved new players being subjected to humiliating and sometimes dangerous activities. While many of these practices have been banned, hazing still occurs in some hockey circles.

In the 1970s, the use of violence as a means of intimidation became more prevalent in hockey. This was due in part to changes in the rules that allowed for more physical play, but it was also the result of a growing acceptance of violent behavior on the ice.

During the 1980s and 1990s, the culture of bullying in hockey began to receive more attention. Several high-profile cases of bullying and hazing brought the issue to the forefront of the public consciousness. However, despite increased awareness of the problem, hockey bullying continued to be a widespread issue.

Today, the problem of hockey bullying persists. While steps have been taken to address the issue, there is still much work to be done. In the following sections, we will take a closer look at the different types of bullying in hockey, how to recognize it on the ice, and what can be done to prevent it.

The Prevalence of Bullying in Early Hockey

1. Power Struggles: In the early days of hockey, there were no coaches, and players often had to resolve disputes among themselves. This created a culture of hierarchy where the strongest and most dominant players could bully their teammates.

2. Physical Intimidation: Hockey is a physical sport, but players in the past used excessive violence to intimidate opponents and teammates. This often led to bullying and even physical harm to other players.

3. Exclusion: Players who were not as skilled or did not fit in with the team’s culture were often excluded from the group. This could lead to social isolation and bullying from other players.

4. Acceptance of Bullying: In the past, bullying was seen as a rite of passage in hockey, and coaches and teammates often turned a blind eye to it. This allowed the culture of bullying to continue unchecked.

5. Lack of Consequences: There were few consequences for bullying in the early days of hockey, and players were often expected to deal with it themselves. This lack of accountability allowed the problem to persist.

6. Normalization of Aggression: Hockey is a sport that values aggression and toughness, and this mentality can lead to the normalization of aggressive behavior, including bullying.

Although the culture of hockey has evolved, bullying is still a prevalent issue in the sport. Understanding the history of bullying in hockey is essential to addressing and preventing this harmful behavior in the future.

Notable Incidents of Bullying in Professional Hockey

Mike Milbury, a former player and coach of the Boston Bruins, was known for his aggressive tactics on and off the ice. In 2011, he was charged with assault for attacking a 12-year-old player during a youth hockey game.

Richard Zednik, a former NHL player, was cut by a skate during a game in 200After the incident, he revealed that he had been the target of hazing and bullying by his own teammates throughout his career.

Jonathan Toews, a three-time Stanley Cup champion with the Chicago Blackhawks, revealed in his autobiography that he had been bullied and hazed by his teammates during his rookie year. He called for a change in the culture of hockey.

Ryan Whitney, a former NHL player, spoke out about his experiences with bullying and hazing in the hockey world. He described incidents where he was forced to perform humiliating acts and was physically abused by his teammates.

These incidents demonstrate that bullying in hockey is not limited to youth leagues or amateur players. It is a pervasive issue that can affect players at all levels, and it is important for the hockey community to address it head-on.

Recent Efforts to Address Bullying in Hockey

USA Hockey’s SafeSport program: The organization has implemented a comprehensive program aimed at preventing all forms of abuse in hockey, including bullying. The program offers training and education to coaches, parents, and athletes, as well as guidelines and policies to prevent abusive behavior.

Don’t Be That Guy campaign: Launched by the NHL, this campaign uses public service announcements, social media, and events to promote positive behaviors and discourage bullying and other harmful actions both on and off the ice.

Zero Tolerance Policies: Many hockey organizations have adopted zero tolerance policies toward bullying and other forms of abuse. These policies require immediate action when bullying is reported, such as suspensions or expulsions from games or teams.

Bystander Intervention Programs: Programs like the NHL’s “Hockey Is For Everyone” initiative train players, coaches, and parents on how to recognize bullying behavior and intervene safely and effectively to stop it.

The Different Types of Bullying in Hockey

Verbal Bullying: This type of bullying involves taunts, teasing, name-calling, or any other form of language meant to hurt someone’s feelings. In hockey, it can be directed at both teammates and opponents.

Physical Bullying: This is the most overt form of bullying and includes hitting, pushing, tripping, or any other physical contact meant to intimidate or harm someone.

Psychological Bullying: This type of bullying includes manipulation, spreading rumors, exclusion, or any other tactics that undermine someone’s confidence or sense of belonging on the team.

Sexual Bullying: This type of bullying involves any unwanted sexual advances, comments, or gestures. It is unacceptable in any setting, including hockey.

Physical Bullying

Physical bullying in hockey is one of the most visible forms of aggression on the ice. This type of bullying includes actions like hitting, checking, or other physical acts intended to harm an opponent or teammate.

These actions can lead to serious injuries, and players who engage in physical bullying risk not only penalties, but also long-term physical and mental health issues.

One reason that physical bullying is so prevalent in hockey is the culture of toughness that is often associated with the sport. Players may feel pressure to demonstrate their physical prowess on the ice, and this can lead to aggressive behavior and an increased risk of injury.

How to Recognize Bullying on the Ice

Observe behavior: If a player or coach is consistently demonstrating aggressive or negative behavior towards others, it could be a sign of bullying. This includes physical actions, verbal abuse, and exclusionary behavior.

Pay attention to changes in behavior: If a player who used to enjoy the game suddenly seems anxious, withdrawn, or avoids attending games or practices, it could be a sign that they are being bullied.

Look for power imbalances: When one player or group of players have more power than others, they can use that power to bully those who are weaker or less popular. This can occur between players or between a coach and their team.

Listen to what others are saying: If other players, coaches, or parents are expressing concerns about bullying behavior, take those concerns seriously and investigate them further.

Recognizing bullying behavior is the first step in addressing it and creating a safe and positive environment for all players on the ice. If you suspect that bullying is occurring, it is important to speak up and take action to address the situation.

Signs of Physical Bullying

Physical bullying is perhaps the easiest form of bullying to recognize. Look for the following signs:

• Bruising, cuts, or other injuries: If a player consistently has unexplained injuries or bruises, it could be a sign of physical bullying.
• Intimidation tactics: Players who use their size or strength to intimidate others could be physically bullying their opponents.
• Aggressive behavior: Players who exhibit aggressive behavior, such as checking from behind, cross-checking, or fighting, may be engaging in physical bullying.
• Excessive roughness: If a player consistently plays with excessive force or roughness, it could be a sign of physical bullying.

If you notice any of these signs, it’s important to speak up and report the behavior to coaches or officials.

Signs of Verbal and Emotional Bullying

Put-Downs: Players who engage in verbal bullying will frequently put down others using derogatory names or hurtful comments. This can take place on the ice, in the locker room, or even on social media.

Intimidation: Verbal and emotional bullies may try to intimidate others by making threats or using aggressive body language. They may also try to isolate a player from the rest of the team or encourage others to exclude them.

Excessive Criticism: Bullies may use excessive criticism as a means of control. They may belittle others for making mistakes or constantly find fault with their performance, even if it is good.

Manipulation: Some players may use manipulation to gain power over others. They may use lies, rumors, or gossip to turn teammates against each other, or try to manipulate a coach into favoring them over others.

Effects of Bullying on Hockey Players

Physical Effects: Physical bullying can lead to a range of physical injuries such as concussions, broken bones, and bruises. These injuries can have lasting effects and may even end a player’s career.

Emotional Effects: Verbal and emotional bullying can have a profound impact on a player’s mental health. It can lead to anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues. It can also affect a player’s confidence and self-esteem.

Performance Effects: Bullying can negatively affect a player’s performance on the ice. It can lead to decreased motivation, concentration, and focus. Players may also start to avoid situations where they feel they may be bullied.

Team Effects: Bullying can have a negative impact on team dynamics. It can create a toxic environment and lead to a breakdown in communication and trust between players. It can also affect team morale and performance.

Impact on Mental Health

Bullying in hockey can have serious consequences on a player’s mental health. The constant fear and anxiety can lead to depression, low self-esteem, and even post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Victims of bullying may experience a range of negative emotions, including sadness, anger, and embarrassment. They may also feel isolated and alone, leading to a loss of confidence in themselves and their abilities.

In some cases, bullying can also trigger the onset of mental health issues such as anxiety disorders or eating disorders. The long-term effects of bullying on mental health can be severe and may continue to impact a person’s life even after they have left the sport.

Effect on Performance and Enjoyment of the Game

Bullying can have a significant impact on a player’s performance and enjoyment of the game. When players are bullied, they may feel anxious, depressed, and stressed, which can affect their concentration and motivation. This can lead to a decline in their performance on the ice, causing them to make mistakes, miss opportunities, and even lose games.

Bullying can also impact a player’s enjoyment of the game. When players are subjected to bullying behavior, they may begin to dread going to games and practices, and may even consider quitting the sport altogether. This not only robs them of the joy and satisfaction of playing hockey but can also have long-term effects on their mental health and well-being.

Additionally, bullying can negatively affect team dynamics and performance. When bullying behavior is present on a team, it can create a toxic environment that undermines teamwork, communication, and trust. This can lead to poor team performance, as players may be more focused on their personal safety and well-being than on working together to achieve a common goal.

Furthermore, bullying can have a ripple effect on the entire hockey community. When players are bullied and leave the sport, it not only affects their own well-being but can also impact the growth and sustainability of the sport as a whole. It is therefore crucial to address bullying in hockey and create a safe and inclusive environment for all players.

Long-term Consequences

Mental Health Issues: Bullying can have a long-lasting impact on mental health, including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These issues can persist well into adulthood, affecting relationships, work, and overall quality of life.

Negative Self-Image: Victims of bullying often develop a negative self-image and may struggle with self-esteem and confidence issues. This can lead to a lack of assertiveness and difficulty in setting boundaries.

Substance Abuse: Studies have shown that victims of bullying are more likely to engage in substance abuse as a coping mechanism. This can have serious consequences on physical health, as well as social and professional life.

Trauma: In some cases, the trauma caused by bullying can be severe enough to lead to long-term psychological effects. This can include flashbacks, nightmares, and ongoing fear and anxiety.

What Coaches and Parents Can Do to Prevent Bullying

Bullying can have a significant impact on hockey players and their experience on the ice. As coaches and parents, it’s essential to take steps to prevent bullying and create a safe, supportive environment for all players. Here are some strategies you can use:

Educate players and parents: Ensure that players and parents understand what constitutes bullying, its impact on others, and what steps to take if they witness or experience it. Develop a code of conduct and ensure everyone is aware of it.

Foster positive relationships: Encourage players to get to know one another and create a team culture of respect, empathy, and inclusion. Coaches can lead by example and model positive behavior.

Address bullying immediately: Don’t ignore bullying. Address it promptly and decisively. Talk to the player who is bullying, and involve parents as necessary. Provide support to players who are victims of bullying.

Create a safe environment: Ensure that players have a safe space to report bullying, free from judgment or retaliation. Encourage an environment where players feel comfortable discussing sensitive issues.

By taking these steps, coaches and parents can create a positive, supportive team culture that promotes respect, empathy, and inclusion while preventing bullying.

Establish a Zero-tolerance Policy

• Make it clear that bullying is not acceptable. Coaches and parents should communicate a zero-tolerance policy for bullying in hockey.

• Explain the consequences of bullying. It’s important to let players know that bullying behavior will not be tolerated and will result in disciplinary action.

• Encourage reporting of bullying incidents. Players should feel comfortable reporting bullying incidents to coaches or parents without fear of retaliation.

By establishing a zero-tolerance policy for bullying, coaches and parents can create a safe and inclusive environment for all players. It’s important to address any bullying incidents quickly and consistently to prevent future incidents and promote a positive team culture.

Resources for Addressing Bullying in Hockey

Bullying in hockey can have serious consequences for players, coaches, and teams. Fortunately, there are resources available to address and prevent bullying in the sport.

National Hockey League (NHL) initiatives: The NHL has implemented several programs aimed at promoting a safe and respectful environment for all participants, including the “Hockey Is For Everyone” campaign and the “Declaration of Principles.”

Anti-bullying organizations: There are numerous organizations that focus on bullying prevention and education, such as StopBullying.gov and the Canadian Red Cross’s “Beyond the Hurt” program.

Local resources: Many communities have resources available for addressing bullying, including local support groups and counseling services.

Educational resources: There are a variety of educational resources available to coaches, parents, and players, such as the “Coaching for Respect” program offered by Hockey Canada and USA Hockey’s “SafeSport” initiative.

Reporting mechanisms: It is important for players, coaches, and parents to know how to report instances of bullying. Many hockey organizations have reporting mechanisms in place, such as anonymous hotlines or online reporting forms.

Hockey Canada’s “Speak Out!” Program

Hockey Canada’s “Speak Out!” program was established in 1997 with the primary aim of promoting a safe and respectful environment in all levels of hockey. This program was developed in response to the ongoing issues of verbal, physical, and sexual abuse, which were prevalent in the sport.

The “Speak Out!” program educates coaches, players, and parents on ways to identify and address abuse in hockey. It also teaches participants how to promote positive values such as respect, responsibility, and fairness on and off the ice.

The program has six modules, each focusing on different aspects of abuse and harassment in hockey. These modules cover topics such as recognizing abuse, responding to abuse, creating safe and respectful environments, and developing communication and leadership skills.

Participants in the “Speak Out!” program are taught how to identify and report abuse in a safe and supportive manner. They are also provided with resources and tools to help them create a positive and inclusive team culture. The program has been successful in creating safer hockey environments across Canada.

• Education: The “Speak Out!” program educates coaches, players, and parents on ways to identify and address abuse in hockey.
• Responsibility: The program teaches participants how to promote positive values such as respect, responsibility, and fairness on and off the ice.
• Safety: Participants in the “Speak Out!” program are taught how to identify and report abuse in a safe and supportive manner.
• Inclusivity: The program provides resources and tools to help participants create a positive and inclusive team culture.
• Leadership: The program also helps participants develop communication and leadership skills.

The “Speak Out!” program has had a significant impact on the hockey community in Canada. It has raised awareness of abuse and harassment in the sport and has provided participants with the knowledge and tools to prevent and address these issues. The program has helped create a safer and more inclusive hockey culture in Canada, and it continues to be an essential part of Hockey Canada’s efforts to promote respect and safety in the sport.

Module	Topics Covered	Duration
Module 1	Abuse Recognition and Response	3 hours
Module 2	Creating Safe and Respectful Environments	3 hours
Module 3	Leadership and Communication Skills	3 hours

Breaking the Cycle of Bullying in Hockey

Bullying is a pervasive issue in sports and can be especially prevalent in hockey. While the physical nature of the sport can be a contributing factor, it’s essential to recognize that bullying has no place in any setting, including the rink. With that in mind, there are several things that can be done to break the cycle of bullying and promote a safe and inclusive environment for everyone involved in hockey.

Education and Awareness: One of the most effective ways to address bullying in hockey is through education and awareness. Coaches, parents, and players should all be educated on what constitutes bullying and how to recognize it. Creating an open dialogue around the issue can help to break down barriers and empower individuals to speak up when they witness bullying behavior.

Strong Policies and Consequences: Hockey organizations at all levels should have strong policies in place to address bullying, harassment, and discrimination. These policies should include clear consequences for those who engage in such behavior, such as suspension or expulsion from the team. By enforcing these policies, organizations send a clear message that bullying will not be tolerated.

Encourage Positive Behavior: Coaches and team leaders have a significant influence on the culture of a team. They should encourage positive behavior and promote teamwork, sportsmanship, and respect. Encouraging players to support one another and stand up against bullying behavior can go a long way in creating a safe and inclusive environment.

Support for Victims: It’s crucial to provide support for those who have been victims of bullying. Hockey organizations should have resources available to victims, such as counseling or a safe reporting mechanism. Creating a support network for victims can help them feel heard, validated, and empowered to take action.

Continuous Improvement: Addressing bullying is an ongoing process, and hockey organizations should continually review and improve their policies and procedures. Regular training and education for coaches, players, and parents can help ensure that everyone is aware of the organization’s expectations regarding bullying behavior. By striving for continuous improvement, organizations can work to create a positive and safe environment for all involved in hockey.

Emphasizing Respect and Sportsmanship

Respect is one of the key values that Hockey Canada aims to instill in young players. It starts with respect for the game, the rules, the officials, and most importantly, respect for one another. Players are encouraged to show respect both on and off the ice, and to treat their opponents with fairness and dignity.

Sportsmanship is another value that is strongly emphasized by Hockey Canada. Good sportsmanship involves not only playing by the rules, but also showing respect for your opponent, win or lose. Players are taught to shake hands after the game, to congratulate their opponents on a good game, and to never give up, no matter what the score.

Hockey Canada’s emphasis on respect and sportsmanship helps to create a positive and safe environment for young players to learn and grow as individuals and athletes.

Frequently Asked Questions